where d = LP, CV or CS indicates the three data sources for travel time estimation, N = 10 because there are ten small segments of length 0.5 miles each, T = 12 because the simulation time is split into 12 time intervals of 300 s each, istarts from 2 because vehicles enter the segment s1 with a speed of zero in SUMO, and j starts from 4 because the frst 3 time intervals are considered as warm-up period.