One of the major problems for the a

One of the major problems for the application of low temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEM FCs) as power source for electrically operated vehicles is the delivery of “nearly-CO-free” feed gas, which becomes problematic whenever H2 is generated from fuels. As the FC anodes can be poisoned even by trace impurities of CO, this gas has to be removed to a level below 50 ppm for state of-art Pt–Ru anode electrocatalysts (Fujiwara et al., 2002; Farrell et al., 2007; Cheng et al., 2007) and below 10 ppmv for Pt anodeelectrocatalysts (Divisek et al., 1998; Passalacqua et al., 2000; Bowers et al., 2007).