Gravity-drivenmembraneDecentralizeddrinkingwatertreatmentGranularactivatedcarbonOrganicmicropollutantremovalGravity-drivenmembrane(GDM)systemsarepromisingfordecentralizeddrinkingwatertreatmentatthepointofuseduetotheirtreatmentefficiencyandlowmaintenancerequirements.Tofurtherimprovepermeatequalityintermsofdissolvedorganiccarbon(DOC),adsorptionontoactivatedcarbonhasbeenproposedasapre-treatment.Inthepresentstudy,anovelGDMsystemwithintegratedgranularactivatedcarbon(GAC)wastested.Theperformancesofpolyvinylidenefluoride(PVDF)ultrafiltrationmembranes(0.45m²)incombinationwithtwodifferentGACwerecompared.ThePVDFmodulesachievedameanfluxbetween4.3and5.1L/m²*hat32.5mbar.FluxstabilizationinGAC/GDMsystemswasobservedduringlong-termexperimentsover272days.pHincreasecausedbyoneGACafterstart-uphadasevereadverseeffectonthefluxduetoCaCO3precipitationresultingina34%lowerstablefluxcomparedtotheotherGAC/GDMsystem.Permeatequalitywassub-stantiallyimprovedintermsofDOCandUVA254.Theorganicmicropollutantscarbamazepineandfor-mylaminoantipyrinewereeffectivelyremovedinbothGAC/GDMsystemsbyatleast88%and92%,respec-tively.TheGDMsystemseffectivelyretainedEnterococcusfaecalisandparticles(1–200μm)by5.1and1.6logunits,respectively.Overall,aGDMsystemcombinedwithGACrevealedthebestperformanceproducingapprox.50L/dpurifiedwater.TheGAC/GDMsystemswereoperatedwithoutanymaintenancemeasuresandimprovedthepermeatequalitysubstantially.Thus,applicationofthestudiedGAC/GDMsystemsisasuitableoptionfordecentralizeddrinking-watertreatment.
Gravity-drivenmembrane<br>Decentralizeddrinkingwatertreatment<br>Granularactivatedcarbon<br>Organicmicropollutantremoval<br>Gravity-drivenmembrane(GDM)systemsarepromisingfordecentralizeddrinkingwatertreatmentatthepoint<br>ofuseduetotheirtreatmentefficiencyandlowmaintenancerequirements.Tofurtherimprovepermeatequality<br>intermsofdissolvedorganiccarbon(DOC),adsorptionontoactivatedcarbonhasbeenproposedasapre-<br>treatment.Inthepresentstudy,anovelGDMsystemwithintegratedgranularactivatedcarbon(GAC)was<br>tested.Theperformancesofpolyvinylidenefluoride(PVDF)ultrafiltrationmembranes(0.45m²)incombination<br>withtwodifferentGACwerecompared.ThePVDFmodulesachievedameanfluxbetween4.3and5.1L/m²*hat<br>32.5mbar.FluxstabilizationinGAC/GDMsystemswasobservedduringlong-termexperimentsover272days.<br>pHincreasecausedbyoneGACafterstart-uphadasevereadverseeffectonthefluxduetoCaCO3precipitation<br>resultingina34%lowerstablefluxcomparedtotheotherGAC/GDMsystem.Permeatequalitywassub-<br>stantiallyimprovedintermsofDOCandUVA254.Theorganicmicropollutantscarbamazepineandfor-<br>mylaminoantipyrinewereeffectivelyremovedinbothGAC/GDMsystemsbyatleast88%and92%,respec-<br>tively.TheGDMsystemseffectivelyretainedEnterococcusfaecalisandparticles(1–200μm)by5.1and1.6log<br>units,respectively.Overall,aGDMsystemcombinedwithGACrevealedthebestperformanceproducingapprox.<br>50L/dpurifiedwater.TheGAC/GDMsystemswereoperatedwithoutanymaintenancemeasuresandimproved<br>thepermeatequalitysubstantially.Thus,applicationofthestudiedGAC/GDMsystemsisasuitableoptionfor<br>decentralizeddrinking-watertreatment.
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