When materials enter the nanoscale range, they will have the characteristics of quantum size effect, small size effect, surface effect and quantum tunneling effect, thus showing the physical and chemical properties that are quite different from ordinary bulk materials, which is called quantum dots. The special structure of quantum dots makes them have surface effect, quantum size effect, dielectric confinement effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect. They show many physical and chemical properties and special optical properties different from macroscopic bulk materials, which make them have great application prospects in many fields such as display, medicine, solar energy cells and so on. Through literature analysis, this paper summarizes the research background, preparation methods and application status of colloidal quantum dot devices. On the basis of clarifying the specific technical indicators and application fields of colloidal quantum dot devices, it provides reference materials for the further development and application of colloidal quantum dot devices.<br>
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