占压地是指露天开采外排的土石维和选矿残渣堆积地，它包括排渣场、尾矿库和

占压地是指露天开采外排的土石维和选矿残渣堆积地，它包括排渣场、尾矿库和矸矿场。<br><br>位于人类活动区域的占压地要采用护坡工程，并设置截排水沟。平地采用穴状或水平沟整地方法，边坡采用穴状或水平阶整地方法。<br><br>塌陷地是指地下采矿引起的块状、带状的塌陷地面，其地表大多破碎、起伏不平，它包括积水和无积水塌陷地。<br><br>平地或台地应该选择可以兼顾生态效益和经济效益的树种，营造生态经济林或农田防护林；坡面要选择根系发达、生长迅速的乡土植物<br><br>大宝山矿区位于广东韶关市的曲江和翁源的交汇处。该矿区处于亚热带季风气候的中心地带。矿区的植被类型为典型的常绿阔叶林，随着海拔升高，植被类型也在逐渐改变，由典型的常绿阔叶林向山地常绿落叶阔叶林转变，落叶树越来越多。植被上层的乔木群落以樟科、山茶科、金缕梅科、木兰科等为主，灌木层以山茶科、紫金牛科、茜草科等为主，草本植物则以蕨类、沿阶草等为主。<br><br>在自然条件下，次生裸地向典型常绿阔叶林类型演替，但是自然条件下的演替过程是非常缓慢的<br><br>矿区土壤的理化性质大多数比平常的土壤差。表5-1显示了样品土壤中的重金属含量都比背景值高很多。重金属元素分布情况也有很大的区别。其中Cu的富集程度是最大的，最高值为标准的300倍。然后依次是Cd、Pb、Zn、As 、Hg，它们分别为标准的12、7、5、3、2倍。<br><br>矿区大部分的矿土直接暴露在空气中，导致金属硫化物不断氧化，并释放出新的酸性物质，这些酸性物质的存在增加了土壤中重金属的活化，在酸性物质和重金属的双重作用下干扰了裸地的植被恢复，这种恶性循环如果继续下去，矿区环境将得不到有效的改善，我们的生态环境将变得越来越恶劣。

占压地是指露天开采外排的土石维和选矿残渣堆积地，它包括排渣场、尾矿库和矸矿场。<br><br>位于人类活动区域的占压地要采用护坡工程，并设置截排水沟。 平地采用穴状或水平沟整地方法，边坡采用穴状或水平阶整地方法。<br><br>塌陷地是指地下采矿引起的块状、带状的塌陷地面，其地表大多破碎、起伏不平，它包括积水和无积水塌陷地。<br><br>平地或台地应该选择可以兼顾生态效益和经济效益的树种，营造生态经济林或农田防护林；坡面要选择根系发达、生长迅速的乡土植物<br><br>大宝山矿区位于广东韶关市的曲江和翁源的交汇处。 该矿区处于亚热带季风气候的中心地带。 矿区的植被类型为典型的常绿阔叶林，随着海拔升高，植被类型也在逐渐改变，由典型的常绿阔叶林向山地常绿落叶阔叶林转变，落叶树越来越多。 植被上层的乔木群落以樟科、山茶科、金缕梅科、木兰科等为主，灌木层以山茶科、紫金牛科、茜草科等为主，草本植物则以蕨类、沿阶草等为主。<br><br>在自然条件下，次生裸地向典型常绿阔叶林类型演替，但是自然条件下的演替过程是非常缓慢的<br><br>矿区土壤的理化性质大多数比平常的土壤差。 表5-1显示了样品土壤中的重金属含量都比背景值高很多。 重金属元素分布情况也有很大的区别。 其中Cu的富集程度是最大的，最高值为标准的300倍。 然后依次是Cd、Pb、Zn、As 、Hg，它们分别为标准的12、7、5、3、2倍。<br><br>矿区大部分的矿土直接暴露在空气中，导致金属硫化物不断氧化，并释放出新的酸性物质，这些酸性物质的存在增加了土壤中重金属的活化，在酸性物质和重金属的双重作用下干扰了裸地的植被恢复，这种恶性循环如果继续下去，矿区环境将得不到有效的改善，我们的生态环境将变得越来越恶劣。

Occupied land refers to the earth and rock discharged from the open-pit mining and the accumulation land of ore dressing residues, which includes the slag dump, tailings pond and gangue mine.<br>Slope protection works and intercepting and drainage ditches shall be used for occupied land located in human activity area. The method of pit or horizontal ditch is adopted for flat land, and the method of pit or horizontal step is adopted for slope.<br>Collapse land refers to the massive and banded collapse ground caused by underground mining. Most of its surface is broken and undulating, which includes ponding and no ponding collapse land.<br>The tree species that can give consideration to both ecological and economic benefits should be selected for flat land or platform, and the ecological economic forest or farmland protective forest should be built; the native plants with developed roots and rapid growth should be selected for slope<br>Dabaoshan Mining Area is located at the intersection of Qujiang and Wengyuan in Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province. The mining area is located in the center of subtropical monsoon climate. The vegetation type of the mining area is typical evergreen broad-leaved forest. With the elevation rising, the vegetation type is gradually changing, from typical evergreen broad-leaved forest to mountain evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest, with more and more deciduous trees. The arbor community in the upper vegetation layer is mainly composed of Lauraceae, camellia, Hamamelidaceae, Magnoliaceae, etc., while the shrub layer is mainly composed of Camellia, zijinniuke, Rubiaceae, etc., while the herbaceous plants are mainly composed of ferns, terraces, etc.<br>In the natural condition, the secondary bare land succession to the typical evergreen broad-leaved forest type, but in the natural condition, the succession process is very slow<br>The physical and chemical properties of the soil in the mining area are mostly worse than that of the normal soil. Table 5-1 shows that the content of heavy metals in the sample soil is much higher than the background value. The distribution of heavy metals is also very different. The enrichment degree of Cu is the largest, and the highest value is 300 times of the standard. Then CD, Pb, Zn, as and Hg are respectively 12, 7, 5, 3 and 2 times of the standard.<br>Most of the mineral soil in the mining area is directly exposed to the air, which leads to the continuous oxidation of metal sulfides and the release of new acid substances. The presence of these acid substances increases the activation of heavy metals in the soil, which interferes with the vegetation restoration of the bare land under the dual effects of acid substances and heavy metals. If this vicious cycle continues, the environment of the mining area will not be effectively improved Our ecological environment will become worse and worse.<br>