美国管理信息系统专家诺兰（Richard·L·Nolan）通过对200

美国管理信息系统专家诺兰（Richard·L·Nolan）通过对200多个公司、部门发展信息系统的实践和经验的总结，提出了著名的信息系统进化的阶段模型，即诺兰模型。诺兰认为企业信息化建设通常要经过初始、扩展、控制、统一、数据管理以及成熟这六个阶段。 <br> 初始阶段：计算机刚进入企业，只作为办公设备使用，应用非常少，通常用来完成一些报表统计工作，甚至大多数时候被当做打字机使用；扩展阶段：企业对计算机有了一定了解，想利用计算机解决工作中的问题，比如进行更多的数据处理，给管理工作和业务带来便利；控制阶段：在前一阶段盲目购机、盲目定制开发软件之后，企业管理者意识到计算机的使用超出控制，IT投资增长快，但效益不理想，于是开始从整体上控制计算机信息系统的发展，在客观上要求组织协调，解决数据共享问题；统一阶段：在控制的基础上，企业开始重新进行规划设计，建立基础数据库，并建成统一的信息管理系统。企业的IT建设开始由分散和单点发展到成体系；数据管理阶段：企业高层意识到信息战略的重要，信息成为企业的重要资源，企业的信息化建设也真正进入到数据处理阶段；成熟阶段：到了这一阶段，信息系统已经可以满足企业各个层次的需求，从简单的事务处理到支持高效管理的决策。 <br> 诺兰阶段模型对于K公司信息化建设具有指导意义，本文最后一章提出的信息化建设优化建议就是以诺兰阶段模型为指导来展开深入分析的

Richard L. Nolan, an expert in management information systems in the United States, summarized the practices and experiences of over 200 companies and departments in developing information systems and proposed the famous stage model of information system evolution, namely the Nolan model. Nolan believes that enterprise informatization construction usually goes through six stages: initial, expansion, control, unification, data management, and maturity.<br>Initial stage: Computers have just entered the enterprise and are only used as office equipment with very few applications. They are usually used to complete some report statistics work, and even mostly used as typewriters; Expansion stage: Enterprises have a certain understanding of computers and want to use them to solve work problems, such as conducting more data processing to bring convenience to management and business; Control stage: After blindly purchasing machines and customizing software in the previous stage, enterprise managers realized that the use of computers exceeded control, IT investment grew rapidly, but the benefits were not ideal. Therefore, they began to control the development of computer information systems as a whole, objectively requiring organizational coordination and solving data sharing problems; Unified stage: On the basis of control, the enterprise begins to re plan and design, establish a basic database, and establish a unified information management system. The IT construction of enterprises has started to develop from decentralized and single point to systematic; Data management stage: the senior management of the enterprise realizes the importance of information strategy, information becomes an important resource of the enterprise, and the informatization construction of the enterprise has really entered the data processing stage; Maturity stage: At this stage, information systems can meet the needs of various levels of the enterprise, from simple transaction processing to decision-making that supports efficient management.<br>The Nolan stage model has guiding significance for K company's information construction. The optimization suggestions for information construction proposed in the last chapter of this article are based on the Nolan stage model for in-depth analysis

Richard·L·Nolan, an American management information system expert, put forward a famous stage model of information system evolution, namely Nolan model, by summarizing the practice and experience of developing information systems in more than 200 companies and departments. Nolan believes that enterprise informatization construction usually goes through six stages: initial stage, expansion stage, control stage, unification stage, data management stage and maturity stage.<br> Initial stage: the computer just entered the enterprise, only used as office equipment, with very few applications, usually used to complete some report statistics, and even used as a typewriter most of the time; Expansion stage: enterprises have a certain understanding of computers and want to use computers to solve problems in their work, such as more data processing, which will bring convenience to management and business; Control stage: after the previous stage of blindly purchasing machines and blindly customizing and developing software, enterprise managers realized that the use of computers was out of control, IT investment increased rapidly, but the benefits were not ideal, so they began to control the development of computer information systems as a whole, objectively demanding organization and coordination to solve the problem of data sharing; Unified stage: On the basis of control, enterprises begin to re-plan and design, establish basic databases and build a unified information management system. The IT construction of enterprises began to develop from decentralized and single point to systematic; Data management stage: the senior management of the enterprise realizes the importance of information strategy, information becomes an important resource of the enterprise, and the informatization construction of the enterprise really enters the data processing stage; Mature stage: At this stage, information systems can meet the needs of enterprises at all levels, from simple transaction processing to supporting efficient management decisions.<br> Nolan stage model has guiding significance for K company's informatization construction, and the optimization suggestions of informatization construction put forward in the last chapter of this paper are analyzed in depth under the guidance of Nolan stage model.