The lateral soil-pile interaction, modeled by nonlinear p-y springs, is featured by p-y curves for sands suggested by Reese et al. (1974). The initial straight portion of the p-y curve represents the elastic behavior of sand, and the slope is the constant of horizontal subgrade reaction, nh 3 (z/D), where z is the depth below the ground surface. The horizontal portion ofthe curve represents the plastic behavior, and the ultimate resistance, pu, is determined from the lesser value of ps and pd given by the following equations.Ultimate resistance near the ground surface:
The lateral soil-pile interaction, modeled by nonlinear p-y springs, is featured by p-y curves for sands suggested by Reese et al. (1974). The initial straight portion of the p-y curve represents the elastic behavior of sand, and the slope is the constant of horizontal subgrade reaction, nh 3 (z/D), where z is the depth below the ground surface. The horizontal portion ofthe curve represents the plastic behavior, and the ultimate resistance, pu, is determined from the lesser value of ps and pd given by the following equations.Ultimate resistance near the ground surface:<br>
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