As mobile communication services co

随着移动通信服务的不断发展，对网络和无线通信技术各个方面的需求不断增长。微波电介质陶瓷因其无污染，低成本，轻便，体积小，稳定性好和性能优越而成为必不可少的功能陶瓷[[1]，[2]，[3]]。已经提出了更高的微波介电陶瓷标准，以满足5G时代的需求。微波设备用陶瓷应具有更高的品质因数（Q×f> 10,000 GHz）。材料谐振频率的温度系数应接近零，以确保微波设备的稳定性。烧结温度应低于某些普通电极（Ag或Al）的熔点。所以，

随着移动通信服务的不断发展，对网络和无线通信技术各方面的需求不断增加。微波介电陶瓷是必不可少的功能陶瓷，因为它们无污染、低成本、轻质、体积小、稳定性好、性能优越[[1]，[2]，[3]。提出了更高的微波介电陶瓷标准，以满足5G时代的需求。微波设备陶瓷应具有较高的质量系数（Q × f > 10，000 GHz）。材料共振频率的温度系数应接近零，以确保微波装置的稳定性。烧结温度应低于某些常见电极（Ag 或 Al）的熔点。因此，迫切需要具有优越微波特性和较低烧结温度的新型介电材料[[4]， [5]， [6]， [7]， [8]] 。

As mobile communication services continue to evolve, there is increasing demand for various aspects of web and wireless communication technology. Microwave dielectric ceramics are essential functional ceramics because of their non-pollution, low-cost, lightweight, small volume, good stability and superior performance [[1], [2], [3]]. Higher standards for microwave dielectric ceramics have been proposed, to satisfy the demands for the 5 G era. Ceramics for microwave equipment should possess a higher quality factor (Q × f > 10,000 GHz). The temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency of the material should be near-zero to ensure the stability of the microwave device. The sintering temperature should be below the melting point of some common electrodes (Ag or Al). Therefore, new dielectric materials with superior microwave properties and lower sintering temperatures are needed urgently [[4], [5], [6], [7], [8]].<br>