The first stage of iMOM design is a business process reengineering, aimed at creating improved business processes. Based on this, the appropriate architecture is designed, which will enable the agreed to business process design. The process of associating or “mapping” manufacturing business processes and their enabling architectures can be quite complex. A petroleum refinery can have more than 40 business processes, each with an average of 10 workflows, and many of these share a set of applications. Figure 8 shows an example of this complexity.