Fabrication of 3D printed Scaffolds.In this research, powdered polycaprolactone (PCL) was used for synthesis of 3D scaffolds. The molecular weight of PCL that used in this study is 80,000 (Cat.26290, Polysciences, US).The scaffolds were manufactured using an in-house pneumatic fused-deposition system mounted to an additive manufacture device with a nozzle diameter of 260 μmloaded into the material chamber, heated to a set temperature in order to bring the polymer to a liquid phase, and then a pneumatic pressure was applied to the top of the liquid to force it out the extrusion