The crucial passage (1. 23. 5-6), w

修昔底德区分两种原因的关键段落（1. 23. 5-6）需要引用：…<br>在研究修昔底德的抗衰老倾向的内容之前，先注意到他在两种原因之间所起的区别是恰当的。首先，他说，一个原因“很少被提及”，而另一个则“被公开地说出来”。第二，他称一个原因为“最真实的”。因此，其他人在他看来并不那么真实。也就是说，他认为，一个原因尽管是最不被提及的，但却是产生行动最有效的因素，而另一个原因虽然公开地被提及，但对行动的影响却较小。因此，读者应努力以这种公正的方式理解“最真实原因”的内容。应当顺便指出，这种区别并不是现代历史学家有时在区分“

The crucial passage (1. 23. 5-6), where Thucydides distinguishes between causes of two kinds, needs to be quoted: …<br>Before inquiring into the content of Thucydides' alethestate prophasis, it is proper to note the character of the distinction he draws between causes of two kinds. First, he says that one cause was "least spoken of" but the others were "spoken of openly." Second, he calls one cause "most genuine"; it follows that the others were in his opinion less genuine. That is, in his view, one cause, though least spoken of, was the factor most effective in producing action, but the other causes, though spoken of openly, had less effect on action. Accordingly the reader should strive to understand the content of "the most genuine cause" in a way which does justice to this distinction. It should be noted in passing that the distinction is not that sometimes drawn by modern historians, when they separate the "remote" or "underlying" causes of a war from its "immediate" causes.

关键的一段（1。23在修昔底德区分两种原因的地方，需要引用：…<br>在探究修昔底德的阿列斯泰德本体论的内容之前，我们应该注意到他在两种原因之间所作的区分的特点。首先，他说有一个原因“很少被提及”，但其他的原因是“公开谈论的”；其次，他把一个原因称为“最真诚的”；因此，在他看来，其他的原因都不那么真实。也就是说，在他看来，一个原因虽然很少被提及，但却是产生行动的最有效因素，但其他原因虽然公开谈论，但对行动的影响较小。因此，读者应该努力理解“最真实的原因”的内容，以公正的方式对待这一区别。应该顺便指出的是，当现代历史学家把战争的“遥远的”或“潜在的”原因与战争的“直接”原因分开时，这种区别并不是有时得出的。