Furthermore, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX) were employed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were carried out at room temperature on a Thermo escalab 250Xi X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer. UV-Vis absorption spectra were performed on a Cary 5000 scan UV-Vis spectrometer.