To more fully understand how expectations affect securities prices, we的简体中文翻译

To more fully understand how expect

To more fully understand how expectations affect securities prices, we need to lookat how information in the market affects these prices. To do this we examine theefficient market hypothesis (also referred to as the theory of efficient capitalmarkets), which states that prices of securities in financial markets fully reflect allavailable information. But what does this mean?You may recall from Chapter 3 that the rate of return from holding a securityequals the sum of the capital gain on the security (the change in the price) plusany cash payments, divided by the initial purchase price of the security:(1)where R = rate of return on the security held from time t to time t + 1 (say, theend of 2011 to the end of 2012)Pt + 1 = price of the security at time t + 1, the end of the holding periodPt = the price of the security at time t, the beginning of the holding periodC = cash payment (coupon or dividend payments) made in the period tto t + 1Let’s look at the expectation of this return at time t, the beginning of the holding period. Because the current price and the cash payment C are known at the beginning, the only variable in the definition of the return that is uncertain is the price nextperiod, Pt+ 1.1 Denoting the expectation of the security’s price at the end of the holding period as , the expected return Re isThe efficient market hypothesis views expectations as equal to optimal forecastsusing all available information. What exactly does this mean? An optimal forecast isthe best guess of the future using all available information. This does not mean thatthe forecast is perfectly accurate, but only that it is the best possible given the available information. This can be written more formally aswhich in turn implies that the expected return on the security will equal the optimal forecast of the return:Re = Rof (2)Unfortunately, we cannot observe either Re or , so the equations above bythemselves do not tell us much about how the financial market behaves. However,if we can devise some way to measure the value of Re, these equations will haveimportant implications for how prices of securities change in financial markets
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为了更全面地了解预期如何影响证券价格,我们需要研究<br>市场中的信息如何影响这些价格。为此,我们研究了<br>有效市场假设(也称为有效资本<br>市场理论),该假设指出,金融市场中的证券价格完全反映了所有<br>可用信息。但是,这是什么意思?<br>您可能从第3章回忆起,持有证券的回报率<br>等于该证券的资本收益(价格的变化)加上<br>任何现金付款的总和,除以该证券的初始购买价:<br>(1)<br>其中R =从时间t到时间t +1所持有的有价证券的收益率(例如,<br>2011年底至2012年底)<br>Pt +1 =时刻t +1的证券价格,持有期末<br>Pt =时刻t的证券价格,持有期开始<br>C =现金支付在t<br>到t +1期间内进行的支付(票息或股利支付)<br>让我们看一下在持有期开始的时间t处该收益的期望。因为一开始就知道当前价格和现金支付C,所以收益定义中唯一不确定的变量是下一<br>时期的价格Pt + 1。1<br>表示持有期末证券价格的期望有效期<br>市场假说认为期望等于最优预测<br>使用所有可用信息。这到底是什么意思?最佳预测是<br>使用所有可用信息对未来的最佳猜测。这并不意味着<br>预测是完全准确的,而只是在给定可用信息的情况下,它是最好的。这可以更正式地写成,<br>这反过来意味着证券的预期收益将等于收益的最佳预测:<br>Re = Rof(2)<br>不幸的是,我们无法观察到Re或R,因此上面的等式<br>本身并不能告诉我们很多有关金融市场行为的信息。但是,<br>如果我们可以设计出某种方法来衡量Re的价值,那么这些等式将对<br>金融市场中证券价格的变化产生重要影响。
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要更全面地了解预期如何影响证券价格,我们需要看看<br>市场信息如何影响这些价格。为此,我们检查<br>有效的市场假设(也称为高效资本理论)<br>市场),其中指出,金融市场的证券价格充分反映了所有<br>可用信息。但这是什么意思呢?<br>您可能还记得从第 3 章中,持有安全的回报率<br>等于证券资本收益的总和(价格的变化)加上<br>任何现金付款,除以证券的初始购买价格:<br>(1)<br>其中R=安全时的回报率t+1(比如说,<br>2011年底至2012年底)<br>Pt+1=时间t+1时的安全价格t+1,持有期结束时<br>Pt=时间t时的安全价格,持有期的开始<br>C=在t期内支付的现金(票面或股息支付)<br>到t+1<br>让我们来看看在持有期开始的时候,对这种回报的期望。由于当前价格和现金支付 C 在开头是已知的,因此在回报定义中不确定的唯一变量是下一个价格<br>期间,Pt+1。<br>1 表示持有期结束时对证券价格的预期,即预期回报 Re 是<br>有效的市场假设认为期望等于最佳预测<br>使用所有可用的信息。这到底是什么意思?最佳预测是<br>使用所有可用信息对未来进行最佳猜测。这并不意味着<br>预测是完全准确的,但只是它是最好的,鉴于现有的信息。这可以写得更正式<br>这反过来又意味着安全的预期回报将等于回报的最佳预测:<br>重新=罗夫 (2)<br>不幸的是,我们不能观察或,所以上面的方程<br>他们自己并没有告诉我们很多关于金融市场的行为。然而<br>如果我们能想出一些方法来衡量Re的价值,这些方程将有<br>对金融市场证券价格变化的重要影响
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To more fully understand how expectations affect securities prices, we need to lookat how information in the market affects these prices. To do this we examine theefficient market hypothesis (also referred to as the theory of efficient capitalmarkets), which states that prices of securities in financial markets fully reflect allavailable information. But what does this mean?You may recall from Chapter 3 that the rate of return from holding a securityequals the sum of the capital gain on the security (the change in the price) plusany cash payments, divided by the initial purchase price of the security:(1)where R = rate of return on the security held from time t to time t + 1 (say, theend of 2011 to the end of 2012)Pt + 1 = price of the security at time t + 1, the end of the holding periodPt = the price of the security at time t, the beginning of the holding periodC = cash payment (coupon or dividend payments) made in the period tto t + 1Let’s look at the expectation of this return at time t, the beginning of the holding period. Because the current price and the cash payment C are known at the beginning, the only variable in the definition of the return that is uncertain is the price nextperiod, Pt+ 1.1 Denoting the expectation of the security’s price at the end of the holding period as , the expected return Re isThe efficient market hypothesis views expectations as equal to optimal forecastsusing all available information. What exactly does this mean? An optimal forecast isthe best guess of the future using all available information. This does not mean thatthe forecast is perfectly accurate, but only that it is the best possible given the available information. This can be written more formally aswhich in turn implies that the expected return on the security will equal the optimal forecast of the return:Re = Rof (2)Unfortunately, we cannot observe either Re or , so the equations above bythemselves do not tell us much about how the financial market behaves. However,if we can devise some way to measure the value of Re, these equations will haveimportant implications for how prices of securities change in financial markets<br>
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