Lateral load stress analysisWhen th

横向荷载应力分析<br>当螺栓组受到横向负载，这是因为普通的螺栓不能承受的剪切力，因此设计应充分预 - 收紧。当螺栓被横向载荷，每个螺栓的轴线垂直于横向载荷的螺栓的作用线和穿过螺栓组的对称中心。应该有螺栓杆和使用普通的螺栓连接时连接部的孔壁之间的一定的间隙。每个螺栓的横向负载由关节表面之间的摩擦将螺栓pretightened后偏移。当使用铰孔螺栓的加入，每个螺栓的横向载荷由压缩和偏移螺栓杆，连接部的剪切和连接部分不应相对于彼此滑动，所以在这种情况下，用于螺栓紧固所需的预紧力是特别关键的。当螺栓组力的分析，必须准确地分析螺栓所需的预紧力，如果螺栓横向载荷是难以克服由预压的联合压力摩擦，需要采取以下措施：（1）使用扩孔孔螺栓; 提高螺栓的直径和增加的预载荷; （3）增加关节部件之间的摩擦系数。连接到负载或更改过载预紧力，较小的横向负荷时预紧当时的五个点的力（水平载荷可以不被完全克服了摩擦），使用普通螺栓耦合效应的是不如工作铰制孔螺栓，铰接孔螺栓连接应该因此在这个时间或使用与普通螺栓销部分要使用的传输侧向负荷; 当使用扩孔螺栓连接（图B），其中每个螺栓的横向载荷由压缩偏移和螺栓杆的剪切，预加载分析并不特别重要。当在螺栓上的负荷的横向力，所述螺栓是否是剪切或拉伸螺栓确定螺栓是否是剪切或没有。如果螺栓是剪切螺栓，如图耦合（图1a），该组上经受扭矩联接螺栓等效于在每个螺栓的关节受到横向力的螺栓。如果螺栓被剪螺栓接合（如图磅），螺栓，然后剪切，当螺栓螺栓螺栓在通过横向力直接作用。如果连接是拉伸螺栓（如示于图1-C），每个螺栓的横向力由螺栓与接合面之间的接合的摩擦抵消。类似地，所引起的螺栓和关节表面也之间的压力的摩擦转矩抵消由螺栓施加的扭矩。当螺栓被拧紧时，通过在耦合的夹紧力所产生的预载荷F。但也预紧力抵消了每个螺栓的轴向拉力。因此，螺栓不剪切螺栓，仅通过螺栓女，即，不是通过仅由螺栓剪切的预载荷。螺栓组的静力分析的目的是分析与受力最大的螺栓组螺栓并计算出它的力量。由一组螺栓施加的外力包括横向力FR，轴向力FQ，翻倒力矩M和转矩T 对于单个螺栓，通过螺栓施加的外力是只有两种情况，即剪切力或张力。在大多数日常的工程应用中使用的螺栓是螺栓拉伸器

Lateral load stress analysis<br>When the bolt group is subjected to the transverse load, because the ordinary bolt cannot bear the shear force, so the design should be fully pre - tightening. When the bolt is subjected to transverse load, the axis of each bolt is perpendicular to the line of action of the bolt subjected to transverse load and passes through the center of symmetry of the bolt set. There should be a certain gap between the bolt rod and the hole wall of the connected part when using ordinary bolt connection. The transverse load of each bolt is offset by the friction between the joint surfaces after the bolt is pretightened. When using reaming hole bolts to join, the transverse load of each bolt is offset by the compression and shearing of the bolt rod, the connecting part and the connecting part shall not slide relative to each other, so in this case, the pre-tightening force required for bolt fastening is particularly critical. When the bolt group force analysis, must accurately analyze the bolt required preload, if the bolt transverse load is difficult to overcome the joint pressure friction caused by the preload, the following measures need to be taken: (1) use the reaming hole bolt; Increase the diameter of the bolt and increase the preload; (3) increase the friction coefficient between the joint parts. Connection to changes in load or overloaded preload, less lateral load when the pre-tightening force of five points at that time (horizontal load may not be completely overcome the friction), use of ordinary bolt coupling effect is not as good as work articulation hole bolt, articulation hole bolt connection should therefore be used at this time or the use of pin parts with ordinary bolts transfer lateral load; When reaming bolt connections are used (FIG. B), where the lateral load of each bolt is offset by the compression and shearing of the bolt rod, the preload analysis is not particularly important. When the load on the bolt is the transverse force, whether the bolt is shear or tensile bolt determines whether the bolt is shear or not. If the bolt is shear bolt, as shown in the coupling (FIG. L-a), the set of bolts on the coupling subjected to torque is equivalent to a bolt subjected to lateral force at the joint of each bolt. If the bolt is joined by shear bolts (as shown in FIG. L-b), the bolt is then sheared, as the bolt bolt bolt is directly acted upon by transverse forces. If the connection is a tensile bolt (as shown in FIG. 1-c), the lateral force of each bolt is offset by the joint friction between the bolt and the joint surface. Similarly, the friction torque caused by the pressure between the bolt and the joint surface also offsets the torque exerted by the bolt. When the bolt is tightened, the preload F is generated by the clamping force on the coupling. But the preload also counteracts the axial pull on each bolt. Therefore, the bolt is not a shear bolt, only by the preload of the bolt F, that is, not by the shear only by the bolt. The purpose of the static force analysis of bolt group is to analyze the bolt with the largest force in a group of bolts and calculate its strength. The external forces exerted by a group of bolts include transverse force FR, axial force F Q, tipping moment M and torque T. For a single bolt, the external forces exerted by the bolt are only two cases, namely shear or tension. Most of the bolts used in everyday engineering applications are tensile bolts

横向荷载应力分析<br>当螺栓组承受横向荷载时，由于普通螺栓不能承受剪切力，所以设计时应充分预紧。当螺栓承受横向载荷时，每个螺栓的轴线垂直于承受横向载荷的螺栓的作用线，并穿过螺栓组的对称中心。采用普通螺栓连接时，螺栓杆与连接部位孔壁应有一定间隙。螺栓预紧后，每个螺栓的横向载荷被接合面之间的摩擦抵消。当使用铰孔螺栓连接时，每个螺栓的横向载荷被螺栓杆的压缩和剪切抵消，连接件和连接件不应相对滑动，因此在这种情况下，螺栓紧固所需的预紧力尤为重要。在进行螺栓组受力分析时，必须准确分析螺栓所需的预紧力，如果螺栓横向载荷难以克服由预紧力引起的接头压力摩擦，则需要采取以下措施：（1）使用铰孔螺栓；增大螺栓直径并增大预紧力；（3）增大摩擦连接部分之间的系数。连接时荷载变化或超载预紧，横向荷载较小时预紧力为5点（横向荷载可能无法完全克服摩擦力），采用普通螺栓连接效果不如工作铰孔螺栓，因此，此时应使用铰孔螺栓连接，或使用带有普通螺栓的销部件来传递横向荷载；当使用铰孔螺栓连接时（图B），当每个螺栓的横向荷载被螺栓杆的压缩和剪切抵消时，预载分析并不特别重要。当螺栓上的载荷是横向力时，螺栓是受剪螺栓还是受拉螺栓决定了螺栓是否受剪。如果螺栓是抗剪螺栓，如联轴器（图L-a）所示，联轴器上受扭矩作用的螺栓组相当于在每个螺栓接头处受侧向力作用的螺栓。如果螺栓由抗剪螺栓连接（如图L-b所示），则螺栓将被剪切，因为螺栓螺栓直接受到横向力的作用。如果连接是拉伸螺栓（如图1-c所示），则每个螺栓的侧向力由螺栓与接合面之间的接合摩擦抵消。同样，由螺栓和接合面之间的压力引起的摩擦扭矩也抵消了螺栓施加的扭矩。拧紧螺栓时，联轴器上的夹紧力产生预紧力F。但预紧力也会抵消每个螺栓上的轴向拉力。因此，螺栓不是抗剪螺栓，只能由螺栓的预紧力F，也就是说，不能只由螺栓受剪。螺栓组静力分析的目的是分析一组螺栓中受力最大的螺栓，并计算其强度。一组螺栓所施加的外力包括横向力FR、轴向力F Q、倾覆力矩M和扭矩T。对于单个螺栓，螺栓所施加的外力只有剪切或拉伸两种情况。在日常工程应用中使用的大多数螺栓是拉伸螺栓