The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a majorhealth crisis, with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)having infected over a million people around the world within a few months of itsidentification as a human pathogen. Initially, SARS-CoV-2 infects cells in therespiratory system and causes inflammation and cell death. Subsequently, the virusspreads out and damages other vital organs and tissues, triggering a complicatedspectrum of pathophysiological changes and symptoms, including cardiovascularcomplications. Acting as the receptor for SARS-CoV entering mammalian cells,angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) plays a pivotal role in the regulation ofcardiovascular cell function. Diverse clinical manifestations and laboratoryabnormalities occur in patients with cardiovascular injury in COVID-19,characterizing the development of this complication, as well as providing clues todiagnosis and treatment. This review provides a summary of the rapidly appearinglaboratory and clinical evidence for the pathophysiology and therapeutic approachesto COVID-19 pulmonary and cardiovascular complications.
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a major<br>health crisis, with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)<br>having infected over a million people around the world within a few months of its<br>identification as a human pathogen. Initially, SARS-CoV-2 infects cells in the<br>respiratory system and causes inflammation and cell death. Subsequently, the virus<br>spreads out and damages other vital organs and tissues, triggering a complicated<br>spectrum of pathophysiological changes and symptoms, including cardiovascular<br>complications. Acting as the receptor for SARS-CoV entering mammalian cells,<br>angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of<br>cardiovascular cell function. Diverse clinical manifestations and laboratory<br>abnormalities occur in patients with cardiovascular injury in COVID-19,<br>characterizing the development of this complication, as well as providing clues to<br>diagnosis and treatment. This review provides a summary of the rapidly appearing<br>laboratory and clinical evidence for the pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches<br>to COVID-19 pulmonary and cardiovascular complications.
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