Students’ scores on the scales Tabl

Students’ scores on the scales Table 3 shows students’ average scores and standarddeviations on the scales of the IAS. Students attained similar high scores on the perceived usefulness scale (an average of 5.07 per item), the behavior scale (an average of 5.06 per item), and the affection scale (an average of 5.04 per item) in the 1–6-Likert measurement. Although students scored relatively lower in the perceived control scale (an average of 4.49 per item), the average score was still higher than the mean of 1–6-Likert scale (i.e., 3.5). The results indicated that students, in general,