So, in an effort to stave off these

So, in an effort to stave off these age-related changes, can we boost NAD+ levels by taking NAD+ supplements? Not quite. NAD+ in supplemental form has very poor bioavailability, meaning it doesn't have much of an effect when introduced to the body. But, NAD+ has several precursors or intermediates—molecules that transform into NAD+ through enzymatic reactions. Scientists have studied two such intermediates, nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), more extensively than others, and the research is encouraging. Several studies indicate that supplementing with these precursors can increase NAD+ levels and prolong the lifespan of yeast, worms, and mice.[2-4] Furthermore, other animal studies show that boosting NAD+ can also improve muscle generation, cardiovascular function, and glucose metabolism.[4-6] But it's critical to remember that findings in animal studies don't necessarily translate to humans. So let’s examine the clinical research currently published.