After vascular implantation, macrop

After vascular implantation, macrophages can activate and secrete inflammatory cytokines to trigger a strong inflammatory response, which may cause thrombus and intimal hyperplasia leading to vascular failure[36,39]. The morphologies of THP-1 cells induced into macrophages were shown in the Fig.7. Large number of macrophages adhered on PCL were in the activated states and shown irregular shapes with pseudopod (blue arrows) extension at the periphery. Although the adhesion and activation of macrophages on (PEI/EGCG/HEP)30 was milder than PCL, significant irregular cell morphology with pseudopod extension was still observed.However,owing to the anti-inflammatory dexamethasone, a small number of macrophages adhered to the surface of (PEI/EGCG-DEX/HEP)30 exhibited a cobblestone-like morphologies and in activated states.