Training evaluation occurs both before and after the training takes place and is based on criteria established in the assessment phase. The ultimate goal of the training is to improve performance on the job. This is known as transfer of training, and it takes place when learning occurs away from the regular work environment and must then be applied to the real job situation. It’s obviously important that the investment made in training employees provides a return in increased productivity, quality, or safety (whatever the subject of the training) on the job. A failure of training to transfer to the job can occur when the new skill isn’t applied in the work environment and therefore isn’t reinforced. A technique that can overcome this problem is the development of an action plan to be implemented after training. This approach requires trainees to visualize and describe how they plan to apply the training when they’re back on the job so they’re more likely to use their new skills. An effective evaluation will include provisions for measuring job performance for a period of time after the training has been completed to ensure that the new skills have been transferred to the job.