If either of these models were accu

If either of these models were accurate, there are implications not only for our theories of speech perception, but also our understanding of the organization of language in the brain. That is, though neither model is neurobiologically well specified, both can be used to make inferences about the brain basis of language. The motor theory of speech perception suggests that the motor system needs to play a role in the neurobiology of speech percep- tion. In contrast, the AxS model suggests that speech perception is more distributed in the brain with the motor system contributing dynamically in an active, constructive, or predictive manner. Nei- ther model is consistent with ‘‘textbook” or ‘‘classical” models of the organization of language in the brain because speech produc- tion and perception are presented as separable neurobiological processes in those models, with production occurring as a result of processing in Broca’s area and comprehension as a result of pro- cessing in Wernicke’s area (a model still taught to medical stu- dents;