目的论发展至今，大致经过了四个阶段，克里斯汀娜·诺德在第四阶段全面总结

Teleological development so far, after roughly four stages, Christina Nord comprehensive review and improve the function of school of thought in the fourth stage. Christina Nord explained for the first time in English translation in text analysis system of the internal and external factors need to be considered, as well as how to develop strategies to meet the purpose of the translation of the translation function on the basis of the original. Christina Nord each functionalist theory of the sort, and the translator should propose guidelines to follow "function plus loyalty", thereby improving the theory.

The purpose theory has been developed so far, after four stages, Kristina Nord in the fourth stage of a comprehensive summary and improvement of the functional theory. For the first time, Kristina Nord systematically explains the internal and external factors that need to be taken into account in the analysis of text in translation, and how to develop translation strategies that are appropriate for translation purposes on the basis of the function of the original text. Kristina Nord perfects the theory of functionalism and suggests that translators should follow the guiding principle of "function plus loyalty".

So far, skopos theory has gone through four stages. In the fourth stage, Christina Nord comprehensively summarized and perfected the functionalist theory. For the first time, Christina Nord has explained the internal and external factors that need to be taken into account in text analysis in translation, and how to formulate translation strategies that are suitable for translation purposes on the basis of the functions of the original text. Christina Nord combed the theories of functionalism, and proposed that translators should follow the guiding principle of "function plus loyalty", so as to improve the theory.<br>