Output the last part of file Store, list or extract files in an archive Redirect output to multiple files Evaluate a conditional expression Measure Program running time Run a command with a time limit User and system times Change file timestamps List processes running on the system Set terminal-dependent capabilities, color, position Trace Route to Host Execute a command when the shell receives a signal • Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters Do nothing, successfully Topological sort Print filename of terminal on stdin Describe a command •