Contributions to this issue demonstrate thatuncovering the mechanisms of action of visionrecovery and repair is paving the way for a betterunderstanding of neuroplasticity in the visualsciences. Mechanisms currently under studyinclude the replacement (augmentation) of the lostnervous tissue itself, in particular the retina or opticnerve, by means of axonal regeneration, stem celltransplantation and retinal chip implants ("bioniceye"). Another approach aims to make moreefficient use of the remaining brain tissue by"reprogramming" or "reorganizing" nerve cellactivities and their connections with the goal ofactivating residual vision using training andelectrical stimulation. These advances impactdifferent visual disorders including typical eye-related diseases such as glaucoma and opticneuropathy, and also more brain-related disorders,such as stroke or brain trauma.