The present review focuses on the formation mechanism ofvolatile flavor in different fermented fish products, especiallymicrobial action and lipid metabolism. In addition to discussingflavor formation, the safety issues of fermented fish products willbe addressed. The main factors that affect the formation of flavor,as well as the formulation standards and countermeasures forsafety issues are addressed. Therefore, research on microbes andflavor formation mechanism of fermented fish products is beneficial for the standardization and modernization of the flavorand safety of fermented fish in different regions