某些应用需要结构抵抗高温的能力，例如具有高热负荷的飞机(由于高速、高发

Certain applications require the ability of the structure to resist high temperatures, such as aircraft with high thermal loads (due to high speeds, high engine temperatures, low idling times, and airborne equipment such as lasers), space shuttles (especially during the return to the Earth ’s atmosphere), Exchangers (as related to water heaters), brakes (heating due to friction that occurs during braking), components (welding due to heat during welding), microelectronic components (during operation, due to current in the circuit and welding) It heats up during the process), battery components (heating during operation due to current through the battery), asphalt roads (heating due to tire friction and sunlight), and medical implants (heating due to body temperature). Generally, the elevated temperature is above room temperature on average. For space shuttles, aircraft friction brakes, and welded parts, the elevated temperature can be as high as 1000 degrees Celsius or higher. However, for asphalt roads and medical implants, the high temperature is just a little over temperature. Despite the wide range of high temperature variations, the issue of high temperature resistance is important for all these applications.

Some applications require structural resistance to high temperatures, such as aircraft with high thermal loads (due to high speed, high engine temperature, low rotation time, and airborne equipment such as lasers), space shuttles (especially during re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere), heat exchangers (e.g. related to water heaters), brakes (heat due to friction during braking), components (welding due to heat during welding), microelectronic components (during operation due to heat change in the circuit and current during welding) Heat ingress during operation due to the current through the battery), asphalt pavements (heatdue due to tire friction and sunlight), and medical implants (heat due to body temperature). In general, the temperature increases above room temperature on average, and for space shuttles, aircraft friction brakes, and welded components, the temperature can rise as high as 1000 degrees Celsius or higher. However, for asphalt pavements and medical implants, the high temperature is only a little over-temperature. Despite the large range of high temperature variations, the issue of high temperature resistance is important for all of these applications.

Some applications require the ability of the structure to resist high temperatures, such as aircraft with high heat loads (due to high speed, high engine temperature, low idle time, and airborne equipment such as lasers), space shuttles (especially during re-entry into the earth's atmosphere), heat exchangers (such as those related to heat water heaters), brakes (due to friction during braking), components (due to heating during welding Welding), microelectronic components (heating during operation due to the current in the circuit and during welding), battery components (heating during operation due to the current passing through the battery), asphalt pavement (heating due to tire friction and sunlight), and medical implants (heating due to temperature). Generally speaking, the temperature rise is higher than the room temperature on average. For the space shuttle, aircraft friction brake, and welding parts, the temperature rise can be as high as 1000 ℃ or higher. However, for asphalt pavements and medical implants, high temperature is only a little bit over temperature. Despite the wide range of high temperature variations, the problem of high temperature resistance is important for all these applications.<br>