supportingvessel.Anumberofcommercialmanufacturersnowofferthesesingle-usereactorsandtheycanbeequippedwithdisposablepHanddissolvedoxygensensors—forexample,theSartoriuswaveandstirredreactorsshowninFig.6.7.Wavereactorsareavailableupto300dm3andstirredreactorsupto2000dm3.Suchreactorscanbeoperatedinfeedbackcontinuousculturemode(seeChapter2)inwhichthebiomassisretainedwithinthevessel—so-calledperfusionculturewhenappliedtoanimalcellculture.Thus,theindustryhasaccesstosingle-usevesselsdesignedtoproducebio-massconcentrationsfarinexcessofthatobtainableinconventionalbatchsystemsanditisnotsurprisingthatanumberofpublicationshavedescribedtheiruseininoculum