The NCO and phase modulator consists of two frequency select registers, a phase accumulator, and four phase offset registers. The main component of the NCO is a 32-bit phase accumulator that assembles the phase component of the output signal. Continuous time signals have a phase range of 0 to 2 π. Outside this range of numbers, the sinusoid functions repeat themselves in a periodic manner. The digital implementation is no different. The accumulator simply scales the range of phase numbers into a multibit digital word. The phase accumulator in the AD9832 is implemented with 32 bits. Therefore, in the AD9832, 2π = 232. Likewise, the ΔPhase term is scaled into this range of numbers 0 < ΔPhase < 232 − 1. f = ΔPhase × fMCLK/232 where 0 < ΔPhase < 232.