It's also notable that in the 2-year (lifetime) rat carcinogenicity study, lymphomas did not develop.Overall, results from both the genetic toxicology and carcinogenic studies indicate a low risk of direct drug-induced carcinogenicity for patients, due to the large exposure margins relative to the therapeutic dose. However, this cannot be applied for immunosuppression-associated malignancies, since they occured in the monkey toxicology study and in clinical trials.