Electrochemical analysis is a type of instrumental analysis method based on the electrochemical properties of substances in solution. Due to the advantages of simple equipment, fast analysis speed, high sensitivity and good selectivity, it shows great potential and superiority in the field of analysis. The main electrochemical methods for the determination of heavy metals in food are polarography and stripping voltammetry. However, the electrochemical method has the disadvantages of harsh conditions and poor reproducibility of the measurement results. In the future, the research focus should be on improving the selectivity of the method, improving the reproducibility of the measurement results, developing in-situ, real-time analysis techniques for metal morphology analysis, and further research The relationship between the form of metal elements and toxicity.