The environmental psychology model

The environmental psychology model is also called the M–R model [37]. The framework posits that users respond to stimuli through the underlying mediating role of emotions. These emotions are the first affective response to the stimuli. This model is highly popular in marketing studies with special focus on studying consumer responses [12,38]. The theory of perception [3] suggests that users do not perceivedesigninapiecemealfashionratheritisconsumedasawhole[4]. From a psychology point of view, which focuses on why people appreciate aesthetical art, Leder proposed “information processing stage model,” which focuses on aesthetic processing [27]. The first two stages of information analysis in modern art deal with perceptual analysis and implicit information integration. These two stages deal with the visceral-level processing of a design and are critical for understanding initial impressions. This model does not discount the impact of cognitive evaluation of a design, but, as explained in the model, this happens at a later stage in time and is accompanied by constant “affective” evaluation. This importance of emotions is highlighted in the psychology domain of aesthetic judgments. Recently, studies have explored the impact of various studies in the domain of website design characteristics. More popular characteristics such as color, navigation, and graphics have been focused on [9,1]. Features such as vividness and interactivity have also been looked at [53].