Key PointsQuestion What are the comparative effects of meropenemvaborbactamvs piperacillin-tazobactam for treatment ofcomplicated urinary tract infection, including acute pyelonephritis?Findings In this noninferiority randomized trial that included 550patients,thedifferenceinthecompositeoutcomeofcompleteresolutionorimprovementof symptomsalongwith microbial eradicationmet thenoninferioritymarginof15%whencomparingmeropenem-vaborbactamvs piperacillin-tazobactam (98.4%vs 94.0%).Meaning This study demonstrated noninferiority of meropenemvaborbactamfor the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection.