当构件荷载处于较小状态时，这个构件也是在弹性阶段，它的水平挠度随荷载线

当构件荷载处于较小状态时，这个构件也是在弹性阶段，它的水平挠度随荷载线性增长。随着荷载的逐渐增大，受拉区的混凝土首先出现横向裂缝而退出工作，远离轴向力一侧钢筋的应力及应变增速加快；之后受拉区的裂缝不断增多，并向压区延伸，受压区高度开始慢慢减小，受压区混凝土应力增大。当远离轴向力一侧的钢筋达到屈服时，截面处形成一主裂缝。当受压一侧的混凝土达到抗压极限时，受压区较薄弱的地方出现纵向裂缝，混凝土被压碎而使构件破坏。这时候，靠近轴向力一边的构件钢筋也达到抗压屈服强度。

When the member load is small, the member is also in the elastic stage, and its horizontal deflection increases linearly with the load. With the gradual increase of load, the concrete in the tensile area first appears transverse cracks and exits the work, and the stress and strain of the reinforcement far from the axial force accelerate; After that, the cracks in the tensile area continue to increase and extend to the compression area, the height of the compression area begins to decrease slowly, and the concrete stress in the compression area increases. When the reinforcement far away from the axial force reaches yield, a main crack is formed at the section. When the concrete on the compression side reaches the compression limit, longitudinal cracks appear in the weak part of the compression area, and the concrete is crushed to destroy the members. At this time, the component reinforcement near the axial force side also reaches the compressive yield strength.<br>

When the load of a member is in a small state, the member is also in the elastic stage, and its horizontal deflection increases linearly with the load. With the gradual increase of load, the concrete in the tension zone first appears transverse cracks and exits the work, and the stress and strain of the reinforcement on the side far away from the axial force increase rapidly. After that, the cracks in the tension zone increased and extended to the compression zone, and the height of the compression zone began to decrease slowly, while the concrete stress in the compression zone increased. When the reinforcement on the side far away from the axial force reaches yield, a main crack is formed at the cross section. When the concrete on the compression side reaches the compression limit, longitudinal cracks appear in the weak parts of the compression zone, and the concrete is crushed and the components are destroyed. At this time, the reinforcement near the axial force side also reaches the compressive yield strength.