Learners’ personal stories were inc

Learners’ personal stories were incorporated in teaching the concept and structure of story, and some instructors established a framework for writing and telling stories in their classes. Students learned about story grammar: beginnings and endings, main and supporting ideas, and the sequencing of narrative. In the literacy class, Instructor 4 used the LEA to write stories dictated by the learners, and these stories then became the class readers, albeit in a very basic form (see Auerbach, 1996). ‘It’s amazing,’ the instructor noted, ‘it doesn’t matter how often we read this story, it doesn’t become old.’ In this class, photographs from shared events were used to create picture stories with the text supplied by the lear- ners (see Kirova & Emme, 2008).