1. IntroductionPharmaceuticals and

1. IntroductionPharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), a category of emerging contaminants, are widely applied in medicine, aquaculture, live stock farming, and even in ordinary daily life. They are classified into several classes, mainly including: hormones, antibiotics, fragrances, preservatives, and disinfectants based on their application purposes and particular properties (Al-Farsi et al., 2018; Li et al., 2019). The annual production of PPCPs was increased and the worldwide yields have been higher than 2 × 107 tons (Anon, 2010; Lindim et al., 2016). Among these contaminants, the pharmaceutical for disinfectants account a considerable proportion (Chen et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2019), thus they are received an increasing attention on the relevant investigations for scientists. TCC is one of the most widely used antibacterial agents in the world and its estrogen toxicity to aquatic animal and plant bring potential ecological and environmental risks (Chen et al., 2018; Healy et al., 2017; Lenz et al., 2017). TCC could pass through the cell membrane by utilizing its excellent compatibility, damage the active site of acyl bacterial protein reductase in the cell membrane, further inhibit the synthesis of fatty acids of microorganism, and finally impact cell mobility and lead to cell poisoning (Chen et al., 2018). It was noticeable that lower concentrations of TCC were found in the aquatic environment (ng/L ∼ ug/L) but higher concentrations were detected in sewage sludge with content up to ∼ mg/kg (Vimalkumar et al., 2019). For example, Yong et al. (Young et al., 2008) investigated surface water from three watersheds in a rural-to-urban gradient in Baltimore, Maryland, and found that the concentration of TCC was up to 2230 ng/L in this area. Zhao et al. (2013) and Liu et al. (2015) performed a survey on river pollutant in Yangtze, Liao river, and Yellow river in 2010–2013, and the results showed that TCC was 100% detected in these rivers with 19.9, 14.1, and 31.0 ng/L, respectively. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered as the final barrier for pollutants to enter the environment. Lehutso et al. (2017) investigated the concentration distribution of TCC in in influent, effluent and raw sludge from six WWTPs, and found most of TCC would be removed from influent by adsorbing into sludge. Cha and Cupples (2009) detected TCC in biosoil for the first time in 2009. Since then, TCC has been continuously detected in biosoil/surplus sludge. Previous studies reported the TCC’s level was ranged from 20 to 60 mg/kg TSS in raw sludge (Heidler et al., 2006; Verlicchi and Zambello, 2015), while recently it was found the detected concentration in sludge even reached 441 mg/kg (McClellan and Halden, 2010).