Limitations of the study and furthe

Limitations of the study and further considerationsBy involving users in the design process from the front end to the back end, this study successfully improved environmental awareness and strengthened community engagement in recycling. Although this study focused mainly on social design for recycling, the findings could be applied to other related aspects of social and service design. However, the sample of participants in this study was not large. Continuous studies with different groups of participants should be conducted to provide a more comprehensive understanding of users’ perceptions. Moreover, to test the assumption that using PAR in co-design can potentially improve sustainable practices, future studies should be conducted on a larger scale over an extended period.