Artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining high visibility inthe realm of health care innovation. Broadly defined,AI is a field of computer science that aims to mimichuman intelligence with computer systems.1 This mimicryis accomplished through iterative, complex patternmatching, generally at a speed and scale that exceedhuman capability. Proponents suggest, often enthusiastically,that AI will revolutionize health care forpatients and populations. However, key questions mustbe answered to translate its promise into action.