We next investigated whether killin

We next investigated whether killing implanted senescent cells using PCC1 could attenuate pathological events, specifically physical dysfunction. Treating young animals with PCC1 after senescent cell implantation for 1 week prevented declines in maximal walking speed (RotaRod), hanging endurance (hanging test) and grip strength (grip metre), changes observed within 1 month after vehicle treatment of another group of mice carrying senescent cells, consistent with the potential of PCC1 to reduce physical dysfunction (Fig. 6d–f). PCC1 administration also prevented the physical dysfunction that occurred in animals 5 weeks following senescent cell implantation (Fig. 6g). In mice harbouring senescent cells, a single 5-d course of PCC1 treatment improved physical function compared to vehicle treatment (Fig. 6h–j). Of note, the improvement was detectable 2 weeks after PCC1 treatment and even lasted for several months (Extended Data Fig. 7a,b). At these two time points of PCC1 administration (immediately versus 5 weeks after senescent cell implantation), the beneficial effects of PCC1 seemed to be comparable. The data suggest that the timeline of PCC1 administration may be flexible, indicative of its potential clinical feasibility. As plant seed-derived procyanidins usually have elimination half-lives of