TBI is defined as altered brain fun

TBI is defined as altered brain function or other evidence of brainpathology caused by an external force (jolt to the head, blow,or other such penetrating head injury) and, more importantly,has been increasingly recognized as a risk factor for cognitivedecline, dementia, and AD (78). Numerous studies also showedthat there was a linear relationship between TBI severity andcognitive consequences after TBI, more specifically, the greaterthe severity, the greater the outcomes. To date, some linksand details of mechanisms by which TBI leads to cognitiveimpairment remains to be fully elucidated. However, it is believedthat excitotoxicity mediated by an overproduction of excitatoryneurotransmitters like glutamate extracellularly, is hypothesizedto be the sentinel event after TBI (79). Neuroinflammation is