In addition to radiological examination, some other test shoud be employed, either to clarify the etiology, or assist treatment. For expemple, bronchoscope could be used to make sure which branch of bronchus is under hemorrhage in hemoptysis patients. To collect sputum to perform a culture. To make a drainage of sputum,To make an exclude diagnosis (like tumor, bronchial stenosis).
痰培养:clarify the pathogen
肺功能:to make a differential diagnosis. Airflow obstruction as a consequence of diffuse bronchiectasis or associated chronic obstructive lung disease.