In 1986, a device structure of double-layer heterojunction was proposed by Dr. Deng Qingyun of Kodak Company. By using N-type tetracarboxylic perylene derivative (PV) as acceptor and P-type copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as donor, a planar heterojunction thin film with double-layer structure was constructed, and OSCs with energy conversion efficiency of about 1% was prepared. [24] As shown in Figure 1-2b, compared with Schottky battery, the double-layer heterojunction battery has higher exciton dissociation efficiency, effectively reduces recombination in the process of charge transfer, and greatly improves the photovoltaic performance of the device. Researchers began to notice that the key to determine photovoltaic performance comes from the interface between donor and acceptor, rather than the interface between electrode and active layer, which aroused researchers' interest in organic photovoltaic research.
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