Competing therapeutic approaches, such as error augmentation,are based on the strategy that the alteration or exaggeration of errors during training may be best suited to optimize learning.This model has been integrated into newer technologies such as the TPAD for the purpose of better understanding how individuals learn after stroke. Ultimately, robotic devices employing versatile software that can be programmed to test a range of theories, may be best positioned to discern which training paradigm is most effectiveand to reproduce these principles therapeutically as our understanding evolves.