The results from the diagnostic PCR

The results from the diagnostic PCR indicated that all plants of the positive control treatment were infected since the expected PCR product (ca 570 bp fragment) was always observed (Fig. 3a). No plants in negative control treatment were marked as infected. In the treatments with flflupyradifurone and thiamethoxam all plants recorded as symptomatic were also found to be infected with the diagnostic PCR, while plants exhibiting no virus infection symptoms were also found virus-free with the molecular assay (Figs 3a and b). The molecular virus detection test confifirmed fifindings of the visual assessment.