The association results obtained from the absence or presence models and the copy number models appear to match. For variant A, the absence of this variant was associated with a higher MFD than the presence of either one copy or two copies of the variant (see Table 2). This compares favourably with the single variant absence or presence models, which reveal that the absence of variant A is associated with increased MFD, when compared to the presence of A (see Table 1). For variant C, goats that had one copy of this variant had no difference in MFD compared to goats that did not have variant C. This effect of variant C was not observed in the single variant absence or presence models, but the finding might have been biased by the reasonably small number of CC goats investigated (n = 19).