功能翻译理论起源于20世纪70年代的德国，是凯瑟琳娜•赖斯与汉斯•福米

Functional translation theory originated in the 1970s in Germany, it is translation theory Catharina and Hans • Rice • Fu Mier and so founded, they think the translation is purposeful behavior, is based on the requirements of the translation function and its concrete the process can effectively resolve the barriers between different cultures, to achieve a smooth conversion between different languages ​​and text, and its function is the only measure of the success of the translation work towards functional translation theory, skills-based English translation a new level of development. It is for the translation language school in the weak link, draws extensively on communication theory, action theory, information theory, text linguistics and aesthetics to accept the idea of ​​turning this vision will study the Japanese standard text from the original language, it became the biggest influence German scholars translated the most active school. Functional translation theory emphasizes the translation of cultural transformation, interactive communication, cross-cultural activities is a complex behavior involving clients, translators, professionals involved in the multi-party recipients. German functional translation theory the most important function is to translate the Japanese standard is not complete and translations are complete. Translation behavior for specific purposes carried out, it is not equivalent to complete exactly the same, but to object to translate content expressed knowledge or skill points is fully expressed, to meet the needs of users.<br>At present, the functional translation theory has been a complete translation theory system and the system, the core of which is the principle function of translation Japanese standard feature. Translation must meet a specific purpose, and a certain practical effect to help people better understand and learn other cultures. Functional translation theory reflects several important features: (1) purpose. This is the most important function of translation theory, translation is the formation of important significance criteria. (2) communicative. Translation conducive to exchanges between different cultures, cultural sharing and transfer, and enhance communication between countries. (3) Cross-cultural. Translation is communication and cultural sharing between different cultures. Function translation using different translation rhetorical function deployment, practical operational and highly practical. Translation function for practical purposes we also show up in different forms, there are operational text, expressive text and informative text. Different texts express different information, detailed features turn usually more conducive to transfer communication information in the text of the translation business, promote business development. In addition, the functional translation theory, the status of translators have also been enhanced to establish links between different languages, we must rely on the translator, the translator is an important role in the process of translation, the translator to grasp the purpose of translation to the readers of the actual situation, take a different translation of the text in different ways. Translation theory of functional equivalence addition to focusing on the function of language, but also pay attention to the link between the text and the translated text, pay more attention to the differences and similarities between language and culture. <br>Based on a functional point of translation theory, translation requires a combination of readers and customer demand, full consideration to the purpose of this relationship between the two, in order to achieve mutual communication between the two, therefore, the translation work with a distinctive purpose, at the same time, founder of the theory of translation function Rice believes that the text needs to be functional translation theory and theory of translation strategies integrated with each other to help one choose the appropriate translation strategies, it can be said is the functional translation theory to the translation of different types use different methods text provides a solid theoretical foundation. <br>In short, the development of functional theory, deepen and improve the experience of the principles of purpose, practicality and flexibility followed by a long period of time, so that the English translation methods and techniques compared to traditional translation has made significant breakthroughs and innovation. The original structure of the recombinant fusion, these translations require a person to acquire the necessary translation skills, but only based on the functional translation theory, in order to truly reflect the role of the head of the English translation skills.<br>All in all, we usually say functional translation theory is actually a function of the method within the scope of knowledge translation, regarded as the principle concept system, such as the rhetorical function of these auxiliary method as a new methodology system formed the basis functions premise and starting point of translation theory is that readers and common customer needs, and finally to the exchange between readers and customers, as well as between the two ideological unity is achieved functional translation theory is gradually formed in the long-term practice and practice.

Functional translation theory originated in Germany in the 1970s, is the translation theory founded by Catherine Rice and Hans Fumier, they believe that translation is a purposeful behavior, is based on the translation requirements of function and the process of concrete, can effectively resolve the barriers between different cultures. The smooth realization of the conversion of different languages and text, and its function is the only measure of the success of translation work, based on the theory of functional translation, English translation skills to a new level of development. Aiming at the weak links in translation linguistics, it draws extensively on the ideas of communicative theory, action theory, information theory, discourse linguistics and acceptance aesthetics, and turns the line of study from the original language to the Japanese standard text, which became the most influential and active school in the German translation field at that time. Functional translation theory emphasizes that translation is a kind of complex behavior involving the participation of multiple professionals involving clients, translators and recipients. The Germans attach the most importance to the theory of functional translation to the function of the translation of the daily standard is not completed and the translation content is complete. Translation is the behavior of a specific purpose, complete is not the same as the same, but the translation object expressed in the content of the main points or knowledge skills fully expressed, to meet the needs of the user.<br>At present, the functional translation theory has a complete theoretical system and systematic translation mode, the most core principle is the function of functional translation day mark function. Translation must achieve a specific purpose and form a certain practical effect to help people better understand and learn about exotic cultures. The theory of functional translation embodies several important characteristics: (1) purposefulness. This is the most important theory of functional translation, and it is also an important criterion for determining the meaning of translation. (2) Communicative. Translation is conducive to the exchange of different cultures, the sharing and transmission of cultures, enhance communication between countries. (3) Cross-culturality. Translation is the exchange and cultural sharing between different cultures. Functional translation uses different rhetorical functions to carry out translation, which has practical operation and strong practicality. The practical use of functional translation also shows us in different forms, with operational text, expressive text and informational text. Different texts express different information, and functional details are usually more conducive to conveying communicative information in the translation of commercial texts and promoting the development of trade. In addition, in the theory of functional translation, the position of translators has also been strengthened, different languages can be linked, we must rely on the translator, the translator is an important role in the translation process, the translator should grasp the purpose of translation, to combine the actual situation of the reader, to take different ways of translation of different texts. In addition to focusing on the function of language, functional equivalent translation theory also pays more attention to the connection between the original text and the translated text, and pays more attention to the differences and commonalities between language and culture.<br>According to the point of view of functional translation theory, translation needs to combine the needs of readers and customers, fully consider the purpose relationship between the two, so as to achieve the mutual communication between the two, therefore, translation work with a distinct purpose, at the same time, the founder of functional translation theory Rice believes that, Functional translation theory needs to integrate text theory with translation strategy to help one choose the appropriate translation strategy, so it can be said that it is based on functional translation theory that it provides a solid theoretical basis for the choice of different methods to translate different types of text.<br>In short, the development of functional theory, deepening and perfecting the principles of purpose, practicality and flexibility followed by a long period of time, make English translation methods and techniques compared with traditional translation have a greater breakthrough and innovation. Recombining the structure of the original text, these translation work requires one person to master the necessary translation skills, and only based on the functional translation theory, can the role of English translation skills be truly reflected.<br>In a word, what we usually call the theory of functional translation is actually the method within the knowledge of functional translation, the concept of principle as a system, the teaching function of these auxiliary methods as a new methodological system formed by the foundation, the premise and starting point of functional translation theory is the common needs of readers and customers. Finally, the communication between readers and customers, and the unity of ideas between the two to achieve functional translation theory is gradually formed in the long-term practice and practice.

Functional translation theory originated in Germany in the 1970s. It is a translation theory founded by Katherine rice and Hans Vermeer. They think that translation is a purposeful behavior, a process of materializing the translation according to the function required by the translation, which can effectively resolve the barriers between different cultures, and smoothly realize the mutual transformation between different languages and characters. Its function is to Based on the theory of functional translation, the skill of English translation has entered a new stage. In view of the weak links in the school of translation language, it widely draws on the ideas of communication theory, action theory, information theory, text linguistics and reception aesthetics, and turns its research focus from the original text to the Japanese standard text, becoming the most influential and active school in the German translation circle at that time. Functional translation theory emphasizes that translation is a cultural transformation, communicative interaction, cross-cultural activity, and a complex behavior involving the participation of clients, translators and recipients. The most important thing of German functional translation theory is that the function of Japanese translation is incomplete and the content of translation is complete. Translation is a kind of behavior for a specific purpose. Integrity is not equal to the same, but to fully express the main points of content or knowledge and skills expressed in the translation object, so as to meet the needs of users.<br>At present, functional translation theory has a complete theoretical system and a systematic translation model, the core principle of which is the Japanese standard function of functional translation. Translation must achieve a specific purpose and form a certain practical effect to help people better understand and learn foreign cultures. Functional translation theory embodies several important features: (1) purposiveness. This is not only the most important theory of functional translation, but also an important criterion to determine the meaning of translation. (2) Communication. Translation is conducive to the communication between different cultures, the sharing and transmission of cultures, and the enhancement of communication between countries. (3) Cross cultural. Translation is the exchange and cultural sharing between different cultures. Functional translation uses different rhetorical functions to carry out translation, which is practical and practical. The practical use of functional translation is also shown in different forms, including operative text, expressive text and informative text. Different texts express different information, and the detailed function is usually more conducive to the transmission of communication information and the promotion of business development in the translation of business texts. In addition, in the theory of functional translation, the position of the translator is also strengthened. The relationship between different languages can be established only by relying on the translator, who is an important role in the process of translation. The translator should grasp the purpose of translation and adopt different translation methods for different texts according to the actual situation of the readers. Functional equivalence theory not only pays attention to the function of language, but also pays attention to the relationship between the original text and the translated text, and pays more attention to the differences and commonalities between languages and cultures.<br>According to the functional translation theory, translation needs to combine the needs of readers and customers, fully consider the purpose relationship between the two, so as to achieve mutual communication and exchange. Therefore, translation work has a distinct purpose. Meanwhile, rice, the founder of functional translation theory, believes that functional translation theory needs to integrate text theory and translation strategy, so as to It can be said that it is based on functional translation theory that provides a solid theoretical basis for choosing different methods to translate different types of texts.<br>In a word, the development, deepening and improvement of functional theory have experienced a long period of purposefulness, practicality and flexibility, which makes English translation methods and techniques have a greater breakthrough and innovation compared with traditional translation. The reorganization and integration of the original structure requires one to master the necessary translation skills. Only based on the functional translation theory, can the function of English translation skills be fully reflected.<br>In a word, what we usually call functional translation theory is actually a new methodology system formed by regarding methods and concepts within the scope of functional translation knowledge as a system and auxiliary methods such as rhetorical functions as the basis. The premise and starting point of functional translation theory is the common needs of readers and customers, and ultimately enables the communication between readers and customers The theory of functional translation has been gradually formed in practice for a long time.<br>