For most separations of carbohydrates, 80-85oC is the recommended operating temperature. However, temperature can be an effective tool for maximizing the separation of certain compounds. If a lower temperature improves the separation of certain compounds caution must be used to not exceed the recommended maximum pressure limitation for the column. Column back pressure is a function of flow rate and temperature. ALWAYS, pre-heat the column and stabilize the temperature prior to pumping mobile phase. For the best possible results, we recommend the use of our column pre-heat, BP-PH, Part Number xxxx-0, to minimize longitudinal and radial thermal gradients.