The purpose of these recommendations is to explain the requirements stipulated for the piping by the turbine manufacturer in order to ensure satisfactory operation of the turbine.Special attention is drawn to the fact that all moments and forces exerted on the turbine by the piping must be kept as small as possible to safeguard the stability of the machine.These forces and moments should be calculated by the designers and manufactures of the piping and submitted to the turbine manufacturer for checking and approval.Permissible force and moment values at inlet and discharge flanges of the turbine are shown on the dwg. "Machinery Assembly and Foundations" included in the Volume II of this manual.It is desirable to ensure as early as the design stage that steam and oil lines are spaced it is recommended that the steam pipes be provided with splash guards to protect them against any dripping oil.