Second, scrubbers are not cheap. A

Second, scrubbers are not cheap. A unit costs anything between $2 million and $6 million per vessel. The timecharter market would have to offer significant premiums to pay off the initial investment. For example，with a timecharter premium of$2,000/ dayit would take four years to pay off a $3 million scrubber. Of course, there are some innovative schemes to handle this. Forexample, the time-charter agreement may be concluded on the basis of charterers covering the initial scrubber installation costs. Some big ship owners may even buy stakes in scrubber manufacturing companies, to ensure better access to technology and a share of profits.