2.2. Determination of Properties of the Tuber Relevant to Machine Design Physical properties of the tubers, including size and shape are essential in determining the volume of the peeling drum [12]. The mechanical properties such as compression, shear stress and hardness are essential in the design of various machine components and for selecting the type of material for construction of the peeling sprockets. Most agricultural products are viscoelastic, they behave differently under static, tensile, or compressive forces, and under dynamic loading orientation. With the knowledge of the mechanical behavior of the tubers, it is possible to decide whether, for example, shearing or impact is best for the peeling operation [13]. Therefore, in this investigation, the mass of the tubers was determined, in 10 replicates each, using the Camry electronic weighing scale; which has high sensitivity with a precision of 0.01 g. The size and shape were determined through the measurement of the tuber diameter, length, thickness or minor diameter in 10 replicates using a measuring tape and veneir caliper. The surface area of each of the tuber was determined from the data obtained from the tuber dimensions. The volume of each tuber with 10 replicates each was determined using the water-displacement method. The density was estimated for each tuber, from the information on masses and volume using the method reported by Fadeyibi and Osunde [13]. The compressive strength, shear stress and hardness of the tuber were also determined using a UTM (universal tensile testing machine).
2.2. Determination of Properties of the Tuber Relevant to Machine Design Physical properties of the tubers, including size and shape are essential in determining the volume of the peeling drum [12]. The mechanical properties such as compression, shear stress and hardness are essential in the design of various machine components and for selecting the type of material for construction of the peeling sprockets. Most agricultural products are viscoelastic, they behave differently under static, tensile, or compressive forces, and under dynamic loading orientation. With the knowledge of the mechanical behavior of the tubers, it is possible to decide whether, for example, shearing or impact is best for the peeling operation [13]. Therefore, in this investigation, the mass of the tubers was determined, in 10 replicates each, using the Camry electronic weighing scale; which has high sensitivity with a precision of 0.01 g. The size and shape were determined through the measurement of the tuber diameter, length, thickness or minor diameter in 10 replicates using a measuring tape and veneir caliper. The surface area of each of the tuber was determined from the data obtained from the tuber dimensions. The volume of each tuber with 10 replicates each was determined using the water-displacement method. The density was estimated for each tuber, from the information on masses and volume using the method reported by Fadeyibi and Osunde [13]. The compressive strength, shear stress and hardness of the tuber were also determined using a UTM (universal tensile testing machine).<br>
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