Perceived luxury. A univariate analysis of variancewith perceived luxury as dependent variable yielded (as in Study 2) a main effect of background orientation (F (1, 806) = 8.12, p< 0.01); the vertically oriented background triggered higher luxury ratings compared to the horizontally oriented background (MVertical background= 3.17, SD = 0.65 vs.MHorizontal background =3.03, SD = 0.64). Likewise, the main effect of product orientation reached significance (F (1, 806) = 12.85, p< 0.001). Inspection of means showed that those who viewed the ad with the vertically displayed product attributed more luxury to the mascara than those who viewed the ad with the horizontally displayed product (MVertical product=3.19, SD = 0.64 vs. MHorizontal product= 3.02, SD = 0.65). No main effect of trait dominance was observed (F (1, 806) = 1.20, non significant (NS)).