1. Introduction2. Materials and methods2.1. Experimental sections2.1.1. Sample preparation2.1.2. Experiments for SO2 adsorption at 30 °C2.1.3. Experiments for effect of residence time for SO2 reaction at 30 °C2.1.4. Temperature programmed desorption-mass spectrometry (TPD-MS)2.1.5. Temperature programmed reaction-mass spectrometry (TPR-MS)2.1.6. Analysis techniques2.2. LCA methodology2.2.1. Goal and scope definition2.2.2. Functional unit2.2.3. System boundary2.3. Inventory calculations and uncertainty2.3.1. Process 1: production of desulfurizing material2.3.2. Process 2: transportation2.3.3. Process 3: desulfurization system operation2.4. Scenario description3. Results and discussion3.1. Experimental results3.1.1. Chemical composition of fly ash and bottom ash3.1.2. Effect of free lime/gypsum in fly ash for SO2 adsorption3.1.3. Effect of residence time for SO2 capture by reaction3.1.4. SO2 capture using fly ash at 50°C-100 °C3.1.5. SO2 capture of fly ash by reaction at 100°C-600 °C3.2. Resources utilization3.3. Energy consumption3.4. Environmental impact assessment3.5. Operating cost analysis3.6. Sensitivity analysis4. ConclusionAcknowledgementAppendix A. Supplementary dataReferences